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GEOGRAPHY
Geographic location:
Southwestern Asia (Caucasus)
Longitude: 40 o - 47 o E
Latitude: 41 o - 44 o N
Land bordaries: 1970 km (1224 miles) Land border: 1655 km (1028 miles)
Georgian section of the Black Sea coast line: 315 km (195 miles)
Armenia: 164 km
Azerbaijan: 322 km
Russia: 723 km
Turkey: 252 km
Area: 69.700 km 2 (26,911 sq miles)
Water: 0 sq km
Land: 69,700 sq km
Land use: Arable land: 11.21%
Permanent crops: 4.09%
Other: 84.71% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: 4,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Elevation extremes: Highest: Mt. Shkhara-5068.m
Lowest: Black Sea 0 m
Georgia is a mountainous country. The Northern geographical boundaries run along
the Great Caucasian Range, which includes the Main Caucasian Range, and its
other chains stretch to the South. The Southern boundary coincides with the
mountainous system of the Minor Caucasus, including the Meskheti - Trialeti
volcanic plateau. Between the Great and Minor Caucasus plains are located. The
Western part of the country is washed by the Black Sea.
Highest mountains: Shkhara - 5068 m (16,627 ft), Janga - 5059 m (16,597 ft),
Mkinvartsveri (Kazbek) - 5047 m (16,558 ft), Shota Rustaveli - 4860 m (15,944
ft),Tetnuldi - 4858 m (15,938 ft), Ushba - 4700 m (15,419 ft),Ailama - 4547 m
(14,917 ft).
Longest rivers: Mtkvari (Kura in Russian) - 1364 km (847.5 miles), Chorokhi -
438 km (272.1 miles), Alazani - 351 km (218.1 miles), Rioni - 327 km (203.1
miles), Tori - 320 km (198.8 miles), Enguri - 213 km (132.3 miles).
Largest lakes: Paravani - 37.5 sq.km (14.4 sq ml), Kartsakhi - 26.3 sq.km (10.1
sq ml), Paliastomi - 18.2 sq.km (7.0 sq ml),Tabatskuri - 14.2 sq.km (5.4 sq ml),
Khanchali -13.3 sq.km (5.1 sq ml), Jandari - 10.6 sq.km (4.0 sq ml).
Georgia is located in wrinkled Alpine zone, in Subtropical zones of northern
periphery.
The geological constitution is characterized by the precipitation is basically
of Mesozoic and Cainozoic era. According to the wrinkles it's divided by several
Geotectonical units: from North to the South by Caucasian main ring's
Antiklinorium, main Caucasian range, wrinkles system, Georgian Belt,
Achara-Trialeti system, Artvin-Bolnisi Belt and Loc-Karabag's wrinkled zone.
Georgia differs by its contrast relief. It is represented by high, middle and
low mountain highland plane unity. The Caucasus are reflected sharply, inter
mountain lowland.
The territory of the Georgia features a highly contrasting topography. The north
of the country is occupied by the Greater Caucasus chain (highest point - Mt.
Shkhara, 5068 m), which includes the Great Caucasian Range (the main watershed)
and Gagra, Bzipi, Kodori, Svaneti, Egrisi, Racha, Lomisi, Kartli and other
ranges. The inter mountain depression to the south of the Greater Caucasus
encompasses the Kolkheti lowland, Inner Kartli, Lower Kartli and the Alazani
Plain. Still further to the south the Minor Caucasian ranges rise to the medium
height (Meskheti, Shavsheti and other ranges), reaching 2850 m. The southernmost
area of the country is covered by the volcanic South Georgian Upland (Mt. Didi
Abuli, 3301 m, its highest peak), dissected by specific canyon-like river
gorges.
The Greater Caucasus and the South Georgian Upland join with the Likhi Range,
which at the same time divides Georgia into two contrasting climatic zones:
Western and Eastern Georgia.
The rivers of Georgia belong to the basins of the Black and Caspian Basin flows
the Mtkvari river with its numerous tributaries (left) the Didi Liakhvi, the
Aragvi, the Iori, the Alazani, (right) the Paravani, the Algeti, and Khrami. The
Black Sea Basin rivers include the Rioni, the Enguri, the Acharistskali, the
Bzipi and others. There are not many lakes in Georgia, the largest being Lake
Paravani (37 sq. km), and Lake Paliastomi (17,3 sq. km), and the deepest Lake
Ritsa (116 m) and Lake Amtkeli (72-122 m) (both are impounded lakes).
The glaciers are only on Caucuses (688) and occupy 508 sq. km (country area's
0.7%). Regular snow line hesitates on 2800-3600 meter
Georgia is rich with underground waters; there are mineral and thermal waters (Borjomi,
Utsera, Dzau, Nabeglavi, Sairme, Zvare, Nunisi etc.).
Soils: Spatial distribution of soils in Georgia is characterized by vertical
variability.
On the Georgian territory there are almost all types of soil: red soil of the
humid subtopic zone of the west Georgia, black soil of the east Georgian valleys
and desert-valleys, brown soils of the east Georgian transient forest-valley,
mountain-forest soils, mountain black soils, mountain-meadow soils, alluvial
soils, moor soils, salted soils.
For more information please refer to:
info@tour-hunting-georgia.ge |
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